晉太宗宣武帝實錄24

晉太宗宣武帝實錄24

陳牧:寡人願聞,何為將之弊,先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,為將之道有八弊焉,一曰貪而無厭,二曰嫉賢妒能,三曰信讒好佞,四曰料彼不自料,五曰猶豫不自決,六曰荒淫於酒色,七曰奸詐而自怯,八曰狡言而不以禮。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwonderwhatthegeneralshad?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithinkasageneraltheyhaveeightflaws,First,insatiablegreed,Second,jealousyoftalents,Third,credulouslybelievevillainsandrumors,Fourth,donotactaccordingtoyourability,Fifth,indecisiveness,Sixth,hobbiesforfemalesexandalcohol,Seventh,treacherousbutcowardly,Eighth,cunningandimpolite。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞,將驕多敗,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,將不可驕,驕則失禮,失禮則人離,人離則眾叛。將驕,則賞不行,賞不行則士不致命,士不致命則軍無功。無功則國虛,國虛則寇實矣。《書》曰:如有周公之才之美,使驕且吝,其餘不足觀也已。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:I『veheardthatgeneralsmostlyfailbecauseofpride,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Thegeneralcannotbeproudorhewillberude,Ifyouarenotpolite,peoplewillalienateyou,Ifpeoplealienateyou,thensoldiersarepronetodefection,Thegeneralisconceitedanddoesnotrewardhissubordinates,thenthesoldierwillnotfighthard,Asaresult,thismakeswarsoftenlost,Oftenthisisthecasethenthecountrywillweaken,Eventuallyothercountrieswillattackyou,Nomatterhowtalentedapersonis,ifheisconceitedandmiserly,thefinalresultisnotgood。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞,行軍嚴戒備,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,國之大務,莫先於戒備。若夫失之毫釐,則差若千里,覆軍殺將,勢不踰息,可不懼哉!故有患難,君臣旰食而謀之,擇賢而任之。若乃居安而不思危,寇至而不知懼,此謂燕巢於幕,魚游於鼎,亡不俟夕矣!《傳》曰:不備不虞,不可以師。豫備無虞,古之善政。蠆尚有毒,而況國乎?無備,雖眾不可恃也。故曰,有備無患。故三軍之行,不可無備也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatwhentroopsaresent,theymuststrengthentheirvigilance,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ibelievethatindealingwithmajornationalaffairs,wemustfirstbeonguard,Asmallmistakecanalsoaffecttheoutcomeofthewar,Itcouldleadtothedefeatofthewarandthedeathofthegeneralinaninstant,Itisnottoomuchtobecarefulandvigilant,Sothekingandhisministersplottedhard,andchosethewisementogivehimtheheavyresponsibility,Itistopreventmajormistakes,Ifyoudon『tthinkaboutthedangersinpeacetime,Thenitwillbetoolatewhentheenemyarrives,Ifthereisnoalertbeforethetroopsaredispatched,itiseasytofaileveniftherearemoresoldiers,Therefore,itisimportanttobeonthealertbeforemakingadecisiononamajormatter。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞,王者必有腹心之士,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為王者,必有腹心、耳目、爪牙。無腹心者,如人夜行,無所措手足:無手足者,如冥然而居,不知運動;無爪牙者,如飢人食毒物,無不死矣。故聖王治天下,必有博聞多智者為腹心,沈審謹密者為耳目,勇悍善敵者為爪牙。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatthekingmusthavehisowncronies,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithinkthekinghadcroniestohelpthemwiththings,Akingwithoutcroniesislikeamanwithoutsiblings,andthusunabletowalk,Akingwithoutcroniesislikehavingnominionsandstarvingtodeath,Therefore,whentheHolyKinggovernsthecountry,hemustregardthelearnedashiscronies,Treatcalmandprudentpeopleaseyesandears,Treatbraveandpowerfulpeopleaspawns。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人願聞,自勉之道,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,聖人則天,賢者法地,智者則古。驕者招毀,妄者稔禍,多語者寡信,自奉者少恩,賞於無功者離,罰加無罪者怨,喜怒不當者滅。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowtoencouragemyself,Sirtaughtme?

xiaofan:IthinkThesaintsimitatetheheavens,thewiseimitatetheearth,andthetalentsimitatehistory,Arrogancebringsdestruction,andarrogancebringsdisaster,Peoplewhotalkalotaregenerallydishonest,Selfishpeoplerarelyshowkindnesstotheirsubordinates,Rewardsaregiventothosewhohavenomeritandmoralewilldrop,Punishingthosewhoarenotsinfulwillthencauseresentment,Moodinessisallovertheplace,Itissoeasytosummondisastersleadingtodestruction。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:今司徒愷坐臧抵罪,寡人慾禁錮其二世可乎,先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,春秋之義,善善及子孫,惡惡止其身,所以進人於善也。因藏而禁錮其子孫,以輕從重,懼及善人,非先王詳刑之意也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。

chenmu:NowStuartKaihascommittedacrimebecauseofcorruption,Iwanttoimprisonthemfortwogenerations,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Accordingtothepreviousstandards,Rewardsaretobegiventofuturegenerations,andpunishmentisonlytooneself,Thisisdonetoguidepeopletowardgoodness,Thepunishmentforimprisoninghisdescendantsforcorruptionisabitheavy,Iamafraidthatthiswillaffectthegoodpeople,DoingsoisinconflictwiththestandardsoftheHolyKing。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陳牧:今大臣欲行三年之喪,寡人當如何處之?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,三年之喪,禮義之方,大王聽大臣終喪,聖功美業,靡以尚茲。《孟子》有言:『老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼,天下可運如掌。』臣願大王登高北望,以甘陵之思,揆度臣子之心,則海內鹹得其所。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:Nowsomeministersinsistonthreeyearsoffunerals,HowshouldIhandlethis?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Athree-yearfuneralistheultimateinetiquette,Itwasbenevolentforthekingtoallowtheministerstoinsistonthisritual,Theelderlywholovethemselvesmustalsolovetheelderlyofothers,Youloveyourownchildren,andyouhavetoloveotherpeople『schildren,Thentheworldwillalsobeinfluencedbyyou,Ihopeyoucanunderstandpeople『sremembranceoftheirlovedones。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings

陳牧:今夏王病逝,其子初立,寡人慾因其喪而襲之,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,前夏王桀驁,大王不能討,死而擊之,非義也,且禮不伐喪,大王宜遣使弔問,因責讓前罪,赦不加誅,取其後善,如不能化,發兵未遲。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。

chenmu:NowKingXiahasdiedofillnessandhissonhasjustsucceededtothethrone,Iwanttotakeadvantageofthefuneraltolaunchanattack,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,TheoldKingofXiaisunruly,butyoucannotcrusadeagainsthim,Itisnotmoralforyoutoattackhisfuneral,Moreover,accordingtoetiquette,itisnotallowedtoattackthefuneralofothers,Youshouldsendmessengerstoexpressyourcondolences,Condemnhispreviouscrimesandforgivehiminordertomakehimcorrecthimself,Ifhedoesn『tcompromise,thenyousendtroopstoattackhim。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

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