晉太宗宣武帝實錄20

晉太宗宣武帝實錄20

陳牧:寡人聞,政有三品,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為其有三,王者之政化之,霸者之政威之,強國之政脅之。夫此三者各有所施,而化之為貴矣。夫化之不變。而後威之,威之不變,而後脅之,脅之不變,而後刑之。夫至於刑者,則非王者之所貴也。是以聖王先德教而後刑罰,立榮耳止而明防禁,崇禮義之。節以示之,賤貨利之弊以變之,修近理內,政橛機之禮,壹妃匹之際,則下莫不慕義理之榮,而惡貪亂之恥,其所由致之者,化之使然也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:I『veheardthatpoliticshasthreelevels,Sirtaughtmewhatthatwas?

xiaofan:Ithinktherearethreekindsofit,TheHolyKinggovernsthecountrybyadvocatingindoctrination,Overlordsgovernthecountrywithgreatemphasisonpower,Powerfulcountrieshandlepoliticalaffairsthroughcoercion,Thefirstoptionisthemostvaluable,Therefore,firstindoctrination,secondtoshowstrength,thirdiscoercionandfinallypunishment,TheHolyKinghadnochoicebuttousethepunishment,Therefore,theHolyKingadvocatedindoctrination,Ifthereisnoeffect,thepenaltyisused,Letpeopleknowabouthonoranddisgraceandwhatisforbidden,Promoteetiquetteandrighteousnesstopeople,Handlepoliticalaffairsdiligentlyandadvocateacorrectviewofmoney,Then,everyoneintheworldwillyearnforsuchasocietyandbeashamedofdoingevil,luxuryandgreed,ThisisthesituationinwhichtheHolyKingadvocatesindoctrination。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人願聞,人君何以賓士天下?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,人君欲賓士天下而垂榮名者,必尊賢而下士。《易》曰:自上下下,其道大光。又曰:以貴禮下,大得民也。明王之施德而下下也,將懷遠而致近也。朝無賢人,猶鴻鵠之無羽翼也,雖有千里之望,猶不能致其意之所欲至矣。是故絕江海者托於船,致遠道者托於乘,欲霸王者托於賢。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:IwanttoknowhowtheHolyKinggovernsthecountry?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthekingwantstogovernthecountrywellandleavehisnameinhistory,hemustbehumbleandrespectfulofthetalents,Treatotherswithhumility,andthefuturecanbesmooth,Evenifyouarenoble,youmustrespectthetalents,Onlyinthiswaycanwegetpeople『ssupport,TheHolyKingpromotedindoctrinationwithalowposture,Evenifthegoalisfaraway,itwilleventuallybeachieved,Thecountryhasnotalents,justlikeabirdhaslostitswings,Thenyoucan『tgettowhereyouwanttogo,Therefore,ifyouwanttocrossthesea,youneedtohaveaboat,Ifyouwanttoreachfaraway,youneedameansoftransportation,Ifyouwanttobecomeaholykingandoverlord,youneedthesupportoftalents。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞,王臣蹇蹇,匪躬之故,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,人臣之所以蹇蹇為難而諫其君者,非為身也,將欲以匡君之過,矯君之失也。君有過失者,危亡之萌也;見君之過失而不諫,是輕君之危亡也。夫輕君之危亡者,忠臣不忍為也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:Iheardthatloyalistsmadesuggestionswithintegrity,Theydothisnotfortheirownsake,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Thereasonwhyloyalsubjectsarenotafraidofdifficultiesandmakesuggestionswithintegrity,thatistocorrecttheking『sfaults,Andnotfortheirownsake,Thekingmadeamistakewhichwasthebeginningofthedanger,Itwouldbeirresponsibletoseeakingmakeamistakeandnottocorrectit,Andasaloyalservant,hecouldnotbeartoseethekingindanger。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞,君子慎獨,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,存亡禍福,其要在身。聖人重誡,敬慎所忽。《中庸》曰:莫見夫隱,莫顯乎微,胡君子能慎其獨也。諺曰:誡無垢,思無辱。夫不誡不思,而以存身全國者,亦難矣。《詩》曰:戰戰兢兢,如臨深淵,如履薄冰。此之謂也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教矣。

chenmu:Ihaveheardthatgentlemenarealsocautiouswhentheyarealone,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Therootofexistence,death,misfortune,andblessingisinoneself,Anddarenotignorethesmallthings,Somesmallandhiddenthings,gentlemenalsoattachgreatimportanceto,It『sallaboutnotregrettingandbeingunashamed,Itisonlybydoingsothatonecanpreserveoneselfandone『scountry,Maintainthisattitudeatalltimes,evenwhenyouarealone。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:今天象連有異變,寡人甚懼,吾欲責臣下之疏,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,大王敬畏鬼神,憂恤黎元,而天氣未和,寒暑違節者,咎在群臣不能宣化治職,而以苛刻為俗,百官無相親之心,吏民無雍雍之志,至於感逆和氣,以致天災。百姓可以德勝,難以力服,《鹿鳴》之詩必言宴樂者,以人神之心洽,然後天氣和也。願陛下垂聖德,緩刑罰,順時氣以調陰陽。

陳牧:先生之言是也,吾知過矣,此乃寡人之不德也。

chenmu:NowtheweatherisveryabnormalandIamveryafraid,thereforeIwanttoblametheMinisterforhisnegligence,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Youreveretheghostsandgodsandlovethepeople,Buttheweatherisunusualandtheseasonischaotic,That『sbecausetheministerwasderelictinhisduties,Ministersarenotinharmonywitheachotherandgovernthecountrytooharshly,Thismakespeoplerestlessanduneasyinside,ThisprovokedthewrathofGodandsentdownthepunishmentofnaturaldisasters,Thepeoplecanbeinspiredbyvirtueratherthanforce,

Onlybyobeyingthewillofthepeoplecanwesavethedisaster,Ihopeyoumakelawsthatarefairandnotharsh,Useyourvirtuetoimpresstheworld。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陳牧:今渭水出寶鼎,郡守獻之,寡人當如何處之,先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,祥瑞之降,以應有德;方今政化多僻,何以致茲!且大王詔書,禁人上事言聖,而間者章奏頗多浮詞;自今若有過稱虛譽,尚書皆宜抑而不省,示不為諂子蚩也。

陳牧:先生之言甚善,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:NowthereisatreasureintheWeiRiver,andthemayorwantstodedicateittome,WhatshouldIdoaboutit?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Theappearanceofthetreasureshouldbeinspiredbyvirtue,Butnowtherearemanyproblemsinthecountry『sgovernmentaffairs,Sohowdidhedoit?Besides,youhavepreviouslyorderedtheprohibitionofthesehypocriticalthings,Buttheministers『documentswerefilledwithpompouspraise,Ihopeyouwillaskthemnottodothisinordertoshowthatyou『renotfainting。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:今,日有食之,寡人甚憂之,先生何以教我?

蕭凡:臣以為,此乃民冤不能理,吏黠不能禁;而輕用民力,繕修宮宇,出入無節,喜怒過差之故也,願大王永覽前戒,深自引咎,詔群司勉修職事,極言無諱,各言得失,或可消過也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:NowthereisasolareclipseandIamveryworried,Sirtaughtmehowtodealwithit。

xiaofan:Ithinkthere『sareasonforthat,Thepeoplehavegrievancesbutarenotdealtwithbythecourts,Officialsweretreacherousbutnotpunished,Laborwasusedheavilytobuildpalaces,Yougoouthuntingalotandhaveashorttemper,That『saboutit,Iwantyoutolearnfromitandcorrectyourmistakes,Youhavetomaketheministersdiligentinhandlinggovernmentaffairs,Andactivelylistentotheopinionsoftheministers,Allowthemtocorrectyourmistakeswithoutblamingthem,Inthisway,theheavenscanbetouched。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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