晉太宗宣武帝實錄19
陳牧:寡人聞,不偏不黨,王道蕩蕩,何也?先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,不偏不黨,王道蕩蕩,言至公也。古有行大公者,帝堯是也。貴為天子,富有天下,得舜而傳之,不私於其子孫也。去天下若遺麗。於天下猶然,況其細於天下乎?非帝堯孰能行之?此蓋人君之公也。夫以公與天下,其德大矣。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Ihaveheardthatwithoutselfishnessandwithoutformingaparty,thewayoftheHolyKingwillberealized,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithinkitmeansextremejustice,Amongtheancientemperors,Yaocoulddoit,Althoughheisveryhonorableandrichintheworld,ButhepassedthethronetoShuninsteadofhisson,Hegavethewholeworldtoothers,nottomentionothersmallthings,Onlyhecandoit,andthisistheultimatejustice,Itisgreattoextendtheultimatejusticetotheworld。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人聞,國雖大,好戰必亡。天下雖安,忘戰必危,何也?先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,君子以除戎器,戒不虞者也。夫兵不可玩,玩則無威;兵不可廢,廢則召寇。昔吳王夫差好戰而亡,徐偃王無武亦滅。故明王之制國也,上不玩兵,下不廢武。《易》曰:「存不忘亡,是以身安而國家可保也。」
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Iheard,Althoughthecountryislarge,itwillperishifitoftenlauncheswars,Althoughtheworldissafe,forgettingthewarwillbedangerous,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Gentlemenreorganizetheirarmamentsinordertodealwithsuddenaccidents,Themilitarycannotbeentertained,Otherwise,itwillloseitsmajesty,Themilitarycannotbeabandoned,Otherwise,itwillattractaggressionfromothercountries,Inthepast,theKingofWuperishedduetofrequentwars,TheKingofYanperishedbecausehegaveupthemilitary,TheHolyKinggovernsthecountrywithoutentertainingthemilitaryorabandoningthearmy,Whenyouaresafe,rememberwhenyouareindanger,Onlyinthiswaycanthestateandtheindividualbestable。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人聞,聖主偃武修文,何也?先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,天下有道,則禮樂征伐自天子出。夫功成制禮,治定作樂。禮樂者,行化之大者也。移風易俗,莫善於樂;安上治民,莫善於禮。是故聖王修禮文,設庠序,陳錘鼓。天子辟雍,諸侯泮宮,所以行德化也。《詩》云:「鎬京辟雍,自西自東,自南自北,無思不服。」此之謂也。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。
chenmu:Iheard,TheHolyKingusedthemilitarycarefullyandattachedgreatimportancetoculturaleducation,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Iftheworldisstable,thentheemperorcanhandlepoliticsandmilitaryaffairsindependently,Aftersuccessfullybringingtheworldtopeace,hebegantoformulateliturgyandmusic,Itsroleistoogreattopromoteindoctrinationtotheworld,Itmakesthesocialatmospherebetterandmorestable,Therefore,theHolyKingestablishedschoolstopromoteindoctrination,Becauseofthis,thepeopleoftheworldwillsurrenderandbemoved。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人願聞,人君之道,先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,人君之道,清凈無為,務在博愛,趨在任賢,廣開耳目,以察萬方,不固溺於流俗,不拘繫於左右,廓然遠見,踔然獨立,屢少考績,以此臨下,此人君之操也。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。
chenmu:Iwanttoknowthepathofkingsgoverningthecountry,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Thekingshouldgovernthecountrywithoutover-intervention,Andbegenerousandkindtoothers,Thekingwillappointthewisemen,Andexpand
eyesandearstounderstandtheworld,Notbeinfluencedbysquiresandrumors,Thekingshouldhavealong-termvisionandasubjectiveopinion,Anddon『tbetooharshonothers,Thesearethewaysinwhichkingsgoverntheircountry。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人願聞,人君之事,先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,人君之事,無為而能容下。夫事寡易從,法省易因,故民不以政獲罪也。大道容眾,大德容下,聖人寡為而天下理矣。《書》曰:睿作聖。詩曰:岐有夷之行,子孫其保之。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。
chenmu:IwonderhowtheHolyKingdealswithpolitics,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Thekinghandledpoliticswithoutover-interfering,andwasverytolerant,Thesimplerthingsare,themorewillingpeoplearetofollow,Thesimplerthelaw,theeasieritistoimplement,Therefore,peoplearenotcriminalizedfortalkingaboutpolitics,Theking『swayistoaccommodatethepeopleoftheworld,SotheHolyKingdidn『tdomuchbutthecountrywaswellgoverned。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人願聞,人上之道,先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,凡處尊位者,必以敬下,順德規諫;必開不諱之門,蹲節安靜以藉之。諫者勿振以武,毋格其言,博採其辭,乃擇可觀。夫有文無武,無以威下;有武無文,民畏不親。文武俱行,威德乃成。既成威德,民親以服,清白上通,巧佞下塞,諫者得進,忠信乃畜。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。
chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowpeopleofhighstatusbehaveintheworld,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Peoplewithdistinguishedstatusmustlearntorespectothersandlistentotheiropinions,Betolerantandopentothisandhumblywaitforadvice,Whenothersmakesuggestions,youshouldnotthreatenandinterruptthem,Youhavetolistentothemwidelyandchoosevaluableparts,Youcan『tcontrolthewholefieldwithoutmajesty,Ifyouarenotelegant,peoplewillnotbeclosetoyou,Ifyouhaveboth,peoplewillbeclosetoandsurrendertoyou,Onlyinthiswaycanthegentlemanappearandthelittlemanwillleave,Andloyalandhonestpeoplewillgiveyouadvice。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人聞,君子務本,本立而道生,何也?先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,本不正者未必陭,始不盛者終必衰。《詩》云:原隰既平,泉流既清。本立而道生。《春秋》之義,有正春者無亂秋,有正君者無危國。《易》曰:建其本而萬物理,失之毫釐,差以千里。是故,君子貴建本而重立始。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Iheard,Gentlemenattachimportancetothefoundation,andotherthingsaresimpleifthefoundationisgood,Howtounderstand?Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthefoundationisnotsolid,therewillbeproblems,Ifyoudon『tstartwell,youwillendupfailing,Thereasonthewaterisclearisthatthesourceisclean,Theweatherisnormalinthespring,andtherewillbenochaosintheautumn,Ifthekingisupright,thecountrywillnotbeindanger,Onlywhentheinfrastructureisbuiltwellcaneverythinggosmoothly,Therefore,thegentlemanvaluesthefoundationandthebeginning。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。
陳牧:寡人願聞,古之聖人,何以養百姓,先生教我。
蕭凡:臣以為,聖人之於天下百姓也,其猶赤子乎!飢者則食之,寒者則衣之,將之養之,育之長之,唯恐其不至於大也。《詩》曰:蔽芾甘棠,勿翦勿伐,召伯所茇。
陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。
chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowthesaintstreatedthepeople,Sirtaughtme。
xiaofan:Ithink,Thesaintsregardedthepeopleoftheworldastheirchildren,Givethemfoodwhenthey『rehungry,Givethemclotheswhentheyarecold,Cultivateandeducatethem,Heexpectedthemtogrowuphealthy,
chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。