晉太宗宣武帝實錄16

晉太宗宣武帝實錄16

陳牧:楚霸王項羽,世之英雄也,然兵敗於垓下,自刎於烏江,折於劉邦之手,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為漢高祖,山東之匹夫也,無有咫尺之土,十室之聚,然能任天下之智力,舉大體而不苛,故王天下,莫之能御也。項羽,楚之世將,有重於民,橫行天下,然而卒死東城者,何也?有一范增不能用,意忌多疑,不信大臣故也。寬則得眾用,賢則多功,信則人歸之,願大王鑒之。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:TheoverlordXiangYuwasagreathero,buthewasdefeatedandcommittedsuicide,Intheend,helosttoLiuBang,andIwasveryconfusedaboutthis,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,LiuBangisagrassdwellerinShandongwhohasnothing,Buthewasgoodatappointingthewisdomofothers,Andheonlyfocusesonthegeneralthingsandisnotharsh,Therefore,hecanwintheworld,andnoonecancomparewithhim。XiangYu『sfamilywasallhonorablegeneralsoftheChuState,Hewasvaluedbythepeopleandwonnumerousvictories,Butwhatwasthereasonheendedupfailing?HehadacounselorFanZeng,butcouldnotappointhim,Hewassuspiciousanddidnottrustothers,That『stherootcause,Bybeingtolerantofothers,youcangettheirsupport,Appointtheirwisdomandyouwillbeabletobuildmerit,Givethemtrustandtheywillsurrendertoyou,Ihopeyoulearnfromthat。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人以信義治天下,而臣民不信,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,欲人之信己,則微言而篤行之,篤行之,則用日久,用日久,則事著明,事著明,則有目者莫不見也,有耳者莫不聞也,其可誣乎?故根深而枝葉茂,行久而名譽遠。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:Igovernthecountrywithsincerityandrighteousness,butthepeopledonotbelieve,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Ifyouwantotherstobelieveyou,youhavetobeconsistentwithyourwordsanddeeds,Andkeeptryingtodoit,Overtime,theresultswillslowlyemerge,Peoplehaveearsandeyesandtheywilldistinguishbetweentrueandfalse,Soyoudon『tgetawaywithit,Therootsofthetreegrowdeeper,andtheleaveswillflourish,Onlyifyoupersistindoingthisforalongtimecanyougetthehonor。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人慾以信義布天下,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為大王聖明,夫信由上而結者也。故君以信訓其臣,則臣以信忠其君;父以信誨其子,則子以信孝其父;夫以信先其婦,則婦以信順其夫。上秉常以化下,下服常而應上。其不化者,百未有一也。夫為人上,竭至誠,開信以待下,則懷信者歡然而樂進,不信者赧然而回意矣。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwanttospreadintegrityandrighteousnesstotheworld,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithinkit『swiseforyoutodothat,Thepromotionofthismatteristostartwithyou,Thekingtreatshisministerswithintegrity,Thentheministerswouldshowloyaltytotheking,Thefathereducateshissonwithintegrity,thenthesonwillbefilialtotheparents,Ifthehusbandtreatshiswifewithintegrity,thenthewifewillbesubmissivetohim,Ifthekingwantstoeducatetheworld,hemustsetanexampleforthepeoplehimself,Thekingtreatsotherswithintegrityandsincerity,Peopleallovertheworldwillfollowyourexample,Eveninsincerepeoplewillslowlychange。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:今党項、契丹交媾,寡人慾殺其使者,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,党項與我素無怨讎,為契丹所使耳。今殺一人,結怨一國,非計也。放之必悅,不復為契丹用矣,願大王察之。

陳牧:先生之言甚善,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:NowtherearesignsofunitybetweentheDangxiangandtheKhitans,SoIwantedtokillthemessengerofthedangxiang,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Thereisnotmuchhatredbetweenthedangxiangandus,TheywereonlyusedbytheKhitans,Ifyoukillthemessenger,youwillhaveavendettaagainstacountry,Thereisnobenefittodoingso,Ifyoureleasethemessenger,andthedangxiangwillbegratefultous,ThentheircooperationwiththeKhitanwentbankrupt,Ihopeyouwillconsiderthisapproach。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人願聞,禮之為物何用?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為禮之為物大矣!用之於身,則動靜有法而百行備焉;用之於家,則內外有別而九族睦焉;用之於鄉,則長幼有倫而俗化美焉;用之於國,則君臣有敘而政治成焉;用之於天下,則諸侯順服而紀綱正焉。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwonderwhattheroleofetiquetteis,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithinktheroleofetiquetteistoogreat,Useitonyourself,Thenthebehaviorwillbecorrectandtherewillbeabasisfordoinganything,Useitathome,Thenitwilldistinguishbetweenthenearandfarrelativesandbringthefamilyintoharmony,Usetotowns,Thentheelderlywillberespected,childrenwillbeloved,andthesocialatmospherewillbecomebetter,Usetothecountry,Thenthekingsandministersareinorderandthecountryiswellgoverned,Useitallovertheworld,Thenothercountrieswillalsosurrenderandwillnotbeconfused。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人今來多有過失,我欲掩之,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為過者,人之所必不免也,惟聖賢為能知而改之。古之聖王,患其有過而不自知也,故設誹謗之木,置敢諫之鼓,豈畏百姓之聞其過哉!是以仲虺美成湯曰:「改過不吝。」由是觀之,則為人君者,固不以無過為賢,而以改過為美也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。

chenmu:I『vemadealotofmistakeslately,soIwanttocoveritup,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithinkeveryonemakesmistakes,Itisdifficulttoavoidit,Onlyasaintwilladmithismistakeandcorrectit,Thewisekingsofthepastwereafraidthattheywouldnotrecognizethemiftheyhadmadeamistake,Sohesetupplanksanddrumsticksinordertogetotherstoremindhim,Sotheyarenotafraidthatotherswillknowthattheyhavemademistakes,Aslongasitcanbecorrectedintime,Don『tthinkthatkingsarenotallowedtomakemistakes,itisgoodtocorrectitintime,Soyoudon『tneedtocoveritup。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陳牧:寡人聞,倉廩實而知禮節,衣食足而知榮辱,何也?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,民不足而可治者,自古及今,未之聞也。古之人曰:『一夫不耕,或受之飢;一女不織,或受之寒。』生之有時而用之無度,則物力必屈。古之治天下,至纖至悉,故其畜積足恃。今背本而趨末者甚眾,是天下之大殘也!淫侈之俗,日日以長,是天下之大賊也!殘、賊公行,莫之或止;大命將泛,莫之振救。生之者甚少而靡之者甚多,天下財產何得不蹶。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:Iheard,Onlywhenyouhavesavingswillyouknowetiquette,Onlywhenyouhaveeatenenoughwillyouknowthehonoranddisgrace,Sirtaughtmewhy?

xiaofan:Ithink,Sinceancienttimes,thepeoplehavenotobeyedthemanagementiftheyhavenotenoughtoeat,Theproverbsaysthatifyoudon『tfarm,youwillbehungryandyouwon『tweaveclothandyouwillbecold,Timeislimitedbutdesireisendless,soitisdifficulttosatisfygreed,Inthepast,governingtheworldwassimpleandsimple,Savingscanalsomeetpeople『sneeds,Nowmostpeoplegointobusinessandpeoplebecomeextravagantandpromiscuous,Thisdisruptssocialstabilityandharmony,It『shardtostop,Whatisproducedcannotsatisfyman『sdesires,Thesituationisworsenowthanyouask。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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