晉太宗宣武帝實錄14

晉太宗宣武帝實錄14

陳牧:今楚王欲取廣陵,寡人慾爭之,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,楚王好利而愎,不與,將伐我;不如與之。彼喜於得地,必請於齊國;齊國不與,必向之以兵,大王恆恐齊、楚交媾,此乃天賜良機,我晉得免於患,而可待事之變矣。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:NowtheKingofChuwantedtoattackGuangling,Iwanttostophimfromoccupyingthisplace,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,TheKingofChuwasgreedyandconceited,Ifwedon『tgiveupherethenHewillattackus,Besides,thisplacedoesnotbelongtous,IftheKingofChupossessedthisplace,thenhewouldcontinuetodemanditfromtheStateofQi,OncetheStateofQididnotgiveittohim,thentheKingofChumightattacktheStateofQi,YouhavebeenworriedabouttheunificationoftheStateofQiandtheStateofChu,NowitisagoodopportunitytoseparatetheStateofQiandtheStateofChu,Wewillbeinanenablingenvironmentandjustwaitforthingstodevelop。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:夫才與德異,而世俗莫之能辨,通謂之賢,此其所以失人也,寡人慾別之,先生何以教我?

蕭凡:臣以為,聰察強毅之謂才,正直中和之謂德。才者,德之資也;德者,才之帥也。才德全盡謂之聖人,才德兼亡謂之愚人,德勝才謂之君子,才勝德謂之小人。君子挾才以為善,小人挾才以為惡。挾才以為善者,善無不至矣;挾才以為惡者,惡亦無不至矣。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:Thereisadifferencebetweentalentandcharacter,Ordinarypeoplecan『ttellthedifference,Sotheyconsiderbothtobewisemen,That『swhyrealtalentislost,Iwanttotellthedifferencebetweenthetwo,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Clevernessandperseveranceareconsideredatypeoftalent,Integrityandeasy-goingareconsideredvirtuous,Talentisanextensionofvirtue,Virtueistheguideoftalent,Apersonwhopossessesbothtalentandvirtueisasaint,Peoplewhohaveneithertalentnorvirtuearestupid,Amanwhosevirtuetrumpshistalentsisagentleman,Apersonwhoseabilitytrumpsvirtueisavillain,Gentlemenusetheirtalentstodogoodthings,Villainsusetheirtalentstodobadthings,Useyourtalentstodogoodthings,andthengoodthingswillcome,Useyourtalentstodoevilthenbadthingswillcome。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人願聞,觀人之道,先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,居視其所親,富視其所與,達視其所舉,窮視其所不為,貧視其所不取,五者足以定之矣。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowtofullyunderstandaperson,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Whenhe『sathome,seehowhetreatshislovedones,Whenheisrich,lookatwhohegives,Whenheisdeveloped,seewhoheproposes,Whenhe『spoor,watchwhathedoesn『tdo,Whenhe『shavingtrouble,seewhathedoesn『tget,Justinthisway,youcanbasicallyunderstandhispersonality。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:以寡人今日之功業,比之太祖高皇帝,何如?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,君出言自以為是,而卿大夫莫敢矯其非;卿大夫出言亦自以為是,而士庶人莫敢矯其非。君臣既自賢矣,而群下同聲賢之,賢之則順而有福,矯之則逆而有禍,如此則善安從生?且大王為高祖之子,此孝之乎?

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。

chenmu:Howdomycurrentexploitscomparetothepreviousemperors?Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthekingisself-righteous,thentheministerdoesnotdaretocorrectit,Iftheministerthinksheisright,thenthepeoplewillnotdaretocorrectit,Bothkingsandministersconsideredthemselvestobevirtuous,Andtheirsubordinatespraisedtheminthesameway,Praisethemandyou『llreapthebenefits,Correctthemandyouwillbeintrouble,Iftheyalldothis,thenthereisnogoodness,Besides,youarethesonoftheformeremperor,Iamafraidthatyouarecommittingfilialpietybydoingso。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陳牧:敢問先生,何為信之道?

蕭凡:臣以為,信者,人君之大寶也。國保於民,民保於信。非信無以使民,非民無以守國。是故古之王者不欺四海,霸者不欺四鄰,善為國者不欺其民,善為家者不欺其親。不善者反之:欺上不信下,下不信上,上下離心,以至於敗。所利不能葯其所傷,所獲不能補其所亡,豈不哀哉!

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowthetruemeaningofintegrity,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Integrityistheking『streasure,Thestabilityofthecountryliesinthewillofthepeople,Thestabilityofthepeople『sheartsandmindsliesintheintegrityofthecountry,Ifthecountryisdishonest,itlosesthesupportofthepeople,Withoutthesupportofthepeople,thecountrycannotbedefended,Therefore,theancientkingsdidnotdeceivetheworld,Theemperordoesnotdeceivethesmallcountriesaroundhim,Thosewhoaregoodatgoverningthecountrydonotdeceivethepeople,Peoplewhoaregoodatmanagingtheirfamiliesdonotdeceivetheirlovedones,Onthecontrary,thecountryandthepeoplewillbeopposedandcentrifuged,whichwillfurtherleadtothedestructionofthecountryandthefamily,Intheend,itwastoolatetomakeamends,It『saverysadthingtogettothatpoint。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:今內侍觸法,寡人慾宥之,可乎?先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,夫治無小,亂無大。法不立,誅不必,雖有十內侍,無益也。法立,誅必,失十內侍,無害也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。

chenmu:Nowmyattendanthasbrokenthelaw,andIwanttokeephim,Sirwhatdoyouthink?

xiaofan:Ithink,Therearenosmallthingsingoverningthecountry,everythingisimportant,Thelawwasestablishedbutcouldnotbeenforced,Evenifyouhavealotofsquires,it『snotgoodforthecountry,Ifthelawcanbeenforced,evenifyouloseafewsquires,thereisnothingtoloseforthecountry。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陳牧:國家養士,所謂何哉?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,君王之養士,以為民也。《易》曰:「聖人養士,以及萬民。」夫士者,其德足以敦化正俗,其才足以頓綱振紀,其明足以燭微慮遠,其強足以結仁固義。大則利天下,小則利一國。是以君王豐祿以富之,隆爵以尊之。養士以利天下,蓋為萬民耳。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Whatisthepurposeofthestateincultivatingtalents,Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Kingsandsaintscultivatetalentsforthewell-beingofthepeopleoftheworld,Theirvirtuescanimprovethesocialatmosphere,Theirtalentscanimprovethelevelofnationalgovernance,Theirwisdomcantakeintoaccountthefutureandthepresent,Theycanspreadbenevolencetotheworld,Someofthemcanbenefittheworld,otherscanbenefitacountry,Thereforethekinggavethemhightreatmentandtitlesforthebenefitoftheworldandthepeople。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人未嘗不納諫也,然下臣內懷奸詐,為之奈何?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,昔戰國孟嘗君納諫,苟其言之善也,雖懷詐諼之心,猶將用之,況盡忠無私以事其上者乎!《詩》云:「采葑采菲,無以下體。」願大王舍其私而用其公,用其長而容其短。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:IwasabletotaketheMinister『sadvice,Butsomeofthemaretreacherous,Sirtaughtmewhattodo?

xiaofan:Ithink,Mengchangjun『sapproachisworthlearningfromyou,Ifotherssayitright,evenifheisabadperson,hewilltaketheiradvice,Moreover,mostpeopleareloyalanduprightpeople,Eveniftheyhavesomeminorproblems,youhavetotaketheirrightadviceforthecountry,Youhavetolearntousethestrengthsofothersandtoleratetheirweaknesses。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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晉太宗宣武帝實錄14

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