晉太宗宣武帝實錄12

晉太宗宣武帝實錄12

陳牧:以今日之功業,今日之政績,寡人不愧前古也,先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,大王君臨之初,無為無欲,清凈之化,遠被遐荒,考之於今,其風漸墜,大王君臨之初,視人如傷,恤其勤勞,愛民猶子,每存簡約,無所營為,頃年以來,意在奢縱,大王君臨之初,損己利物,至於今日,縱慾以勞人,卑儉之跡歲改,驕奢之情日異,大王君臨之初,砥礪名節,不私於物,惟善是與,親愛君子,疏斥小人,今則不然,親近小人,疏遠君子,大王君臨之初,動尊堯、舜,捐金抵璧,返樸還淳,頃年以來,好尚奇異,無時能止,大王君臨之初,求賢如渴,善人所舉,信而任之,取其所長,恆恐不及,近歲以來,由心好惡,多怒善疑,大王君臨之初,孜孜不怠,屈己從人,恆若不足,頃年以來,微有矜放,恃功業之大,意蔑前王,負聖智之明,心輕當代。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人知過矣。

chenmu:Mypresentmeritsandachievementsarenoworsethanthoseofthepreviouskings,Sirthoughtso?

xiaofan:Ithink,Inthepast,youdidn『tlikeluxury,policywasbrief,andyoupracticedbenevolence,Nowit『snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inthepast,youlovedthepeoplelikeason,advocatedfrugality,andrarelystartedbigprojects,Nowit『snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inthepast,youwereveryhumbleandjust,andyoulikedthewiseandhatedtheadulterers,Nowit『snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inthepast,youwereverygenerousandtolerant,andwereabletolistentootherpeople『sopinions,Nowit『snotasgoodasitusedtobe,Inrecentyears,youhavebecomeconceitedforgreatfeats,Youlookdownonthekingsofthepastandthesagesofthisagebecauseofyouringenuity。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。

陳牧:打天下不易,守天下更難,寡人甚然之,先生以為如何?

蕭凡:臣以為,秦始皇初平六國,據有四海,及其末年不能善守,實可為誡,戰勝易,守勝難,願大王深思遠慮,安不忘危,功業既彰,德教復洽,恆以此為政,宗社無由傾敗也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Itisnoteasytofighttheworld,anditisevenmoredifficulttodefendtheworld,Iverymuchagreewiththat,Sirthoughtso?

xiaofan:Ithink,QinShiHuangpacifiedtheSixKingdomstounifytheworld,Butintheend,itwasapitythathedidnotholditwell,Itisnoteasytostartabusiness,anditisevenmoredifficulttokeepthefoundation,Ihopethatyoumustbefar-sightedandneverforgetthedanger,Onlyinthiswaywillthefoundationoftheworldbestable。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞仁者無敵,何謂仁者?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,仁者,蓋推己以及人也,故己所不欲,勿施於人,推己所欲,以及天下,推己孝心於父母,以及天下,則天下之為人子者,不失其事親之道矣,推己心有樂於妻兒,以及天下,則天下之為人父者,不失其室家之歡矣,推己之不忍於饑寒,以及天下之心,含生無凍餒之憂矣,故賢者雲,吾欲仁,而仁者至也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人謹受教。

chenmu:I『veheardthatpracticingbenevolenceisinvincible,Sirtaughtmewhatitwas?

xiaofan:Ithinkbenevolenceisaboutextendingitfromoneselftoothers,Filialpietytoone『sparentsoneselfandspreadtoothers,theywillfollowsuit,Loveyourownfamilyandspreadittoothers,andtheywillfollowsuit,Whenyouarehungry,youmustalsothinkthatothersarealsohungry,Aslongasyouwanttopracticebenevolence,thenyouwillbeabenevolentperson。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:今世子大婚,寡人甚悅,然何謂婚禮?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,婚禮者,將合二姓之好,上以事宗廟,而下以繼後世也,故敬慎重正婚禮也,敬慎重正而後親之,禮之大體,而所以成男女之別,而立夫婦之義也,男女有別,而後夫婦有義,夫婦有義,而後父子有親,父子有親,而後君臣有正,故日:婚禮者,禮之本也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Nowthecrownprinceismarried,I『mveryhappy,butwhatisawedding?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithinkaweddingisaunionoftwofamilies,Inheritancestorsanddescendants,Sotheweddingisaveryseriousandsolemnthing,Weddingsareanimportantpartoftheliturgy,Afterthewedding,therewasacouple,Thentherewasthefatherandson,Withthislayerofbondage,Anorderwasestablishedbetweenthekingandtheministers。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人聞儒者有浩然之氣。敢問先生,何為儒者?

蕭凡:臣以為,儒者,以忠信為甲胄,以禮義為干櫓,戴仁而行,抱義而處,雖有暴政,不更其志,其自立有如此者,可為儒者。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:IhaveheardthatConfucianshavegreatrighteousness,SirtaughtmewhataConfucianis?

xiaofan:Ithink,Confucianstakefaithfulnessastheirarmor,Andusebenevolenceasaweapon,Theyarebenevolentandrighteousintheirdealingswiththeworld,Evenintimesofchaos,theydonotchangetheirambitions,SuchapersoncanbecalledaConfucian。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:三代之政,以何為先?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,三代之得天下也,以仁,其失天下也,以不仁,國家之所以廢興存亡者亦然,天子不仁,不保四海,諸侯不仁,不保社稷,卿大夫不仁,不保宗廟,士庶人不仁,不保四體,今惡死亡而樂不仁,猶惡醉而強酒也。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:WhatIneedtodoifIwantthecountrytobeinlong-termpeaceandstability?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,Historically,theworldhasbeenwonwithbenevolenceandrighteousness,Andlosetheworldwithunkindness,Theriseandfallofnationsisprobablylikethis,Iftheemperorisnotbenevolent,thenhecannotprotecttheworld,Ifthekingisnotrighteous,thenhecannotprotectthecountry,Iftheministerisnotbenevolent,thenthefamilycannotbeprotected,Ifordinarypeoplearenotbenevolent,thentheycannotprotectthemselves,Nowheisafraidofdeath,buthedoesunkindthings,It『slikehatingtodrinkbutforcingit。

chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。

陳牧:寡人慾知,何為有道之君?先生教我。

蕭凡:臣以為,有道之君,外無怨仇於鄰敵,而內有德澤於人民。夫外無怨仇於鄰敵者,其遇諸侯也外有禮義。內有德澤於人民者,其治人事也務本。遇諸侯有禮義,則役希起;治民事務本,則淫奢止,願大王察之。

陳牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。

chenmu:Iwanttoknowwhatasaintlykingis?Sirtaughtme。

xiaofan:Ithink,TheHolyKingwasatpeacewithhisneighbors,Andhegavefavorstothepeople,Hehadnohatredwithhisneighborsbecausehetreatedthemwithcourtesy,Thereasonhegivesfavorstothepeopleisthatthepeoplearethefoundationofthecountry,Treatneighborswithcourtesy,thentherewillbeverylittlewar,Governingthecountryisbasedonthepeople,thenthesocialatmospherewillnotbeluxurious,Ihopeyoucanlearnfromit。

chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。

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